There are several different optical cable structures used in fiber optic communication systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common optical cable structures include:
Loose Tube Cable
Loose tube cable is one of the most common types of optical cable structures. This cable consists of a central strength member surrounded by multiple layers of loose tubes containing the optical fibers. The loose tubes are typically made of polyethylene, which provides protection against moisture and physical damage. Loose tube cable is used in outdoor environments and is suitable for use in aerial, duct, and direct-buried installations.
Ribbon Cable
Ribbon cable is another common type of optical cable structure. This cable consists of multiple optical fibers arranged in a flat ribbon-like structure, which is surrounded by a protective coating. Ribbon cable is typically used in high-density applications where space is limited, such as in data centers and telecommunications rooms.
Tight-Buffered Cable
Tight-buffered cable is a type of optical cable structure where each fiber is individually coated with a buffer material, such as acrylate or silicone. The buffered fibers are then bundled together and surrounded by a protective coating. Tight-buffered cable is typically used in indoor applications, such as in buildings and data centers, where the cable will not be exposed to harsh environmental conditions.
Breakout Cable
Breakout cable is a type of optical cable structure that consists of a central strength member surrounded by multiple tight-buffered fibers. Each fiber is individually coated with a protective buffer material, and the fibers are bundled together and surrounded by a protective outer jacket. Breakout cable is designed for use in indoor environments, such as in data centers, and is commonly used for patch cord applications.
Armored Cable
Armored cable is a type of optical cable structure that has an additional layer of protection in the form of a metal armor. The armor provides protection against physical damage and is suitable for use in harsh outdoor environments where the cable may be exposed to mechanical stress. Armored cable is commonly used in military, industrial, and offshore applications.
Composite Cable
Composite cable is a type of optical cable structure that combines multiple types of cables into a single, compact design. For example, a composite cable may contain both fiber optic and copper cables, allowing for both data and power transmission over a single cable. Composite cable is commonly used in applications where space is limited, such as in buildings or industrial sites.
Distribution Cable
Distribution cable is a type of optical cable structure that is designed for use in indoor applications, such as in buildings and data centers. This cable consists of multiple tight-buffered fibers, which are bundled together and surrounded by a protective outer jacket. Distribution cable is typically used for short-distance communication applications, such as in local area networks (LANs).
In summary, there are several different optical cable structures used in fiber optic communication systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice of cable structure will depend on the specific requirements of the application, including factors such as environmental conditions, installation location, and transmission distance.
