Knowledge of optical modules and fiber optic connectors
1. Module classification
1. Classified by rate: 100base (100M), 1000base (gigabit), 10GE for Ethernet applications; 155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G for SDH applications
2. According to the package classification: 1x9, SFF, SFP, GBIC, XENPAK, XFP 1x9 package---welding optical module, the general speed is not higher than gigabit, mostly SC interface SFF package---welding small package optical module, Generally, the speed is not higher than gigabit, and most of them use LC interface GBIC package---hot-plug Gigabit interface optical module, use SC interface SFP package---hot-plug small package module, the current maximum speed can reach 4G, and most use LC interface XENPAK package---used in 10 Gigabit Ethernet, using SC interface XFP package---10G optical module, which can be used in 10 Gigabit Ethernet, mostly using LC interface Extended reading: Detailed explanation of the difference between SFP, SFP+, and XFP optical modules
3. Classification by laser type: LED, VCSEL, FPLD, DFBLD
4. According to the emission wavelength classification: 850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm, etc.
5. According to the plugging method: non-hot pluggable 1x9, SFF, hot pluggable GBIC, SFP, XENPAK, XFP
ZR Cable Fiber Connector
2. Classification of optical fiber connectors
1. The optical fiber connector is to install the connector on both ends of a section of optical fiber, which is used for optical wiring.
2. Classification by fiber type: single-mode fiber connector, generally G.642 fiber, inner diameter 9um, outer diameter 125um; multimode fiber connector, one is G.651 fiber, inner diameter 50um, outer diameter 125um, the other The species is an inner diameter of 62.5um and an outer diameter of 125um.
3. According to the connector classification of optical fiber connectors: FC, SC, ST, LC, MU, MTRJ, etc. FC type (ferrule connector)---The external reinforcement adopts metal sleeve, and the fastening method is turnbuckle. Commonly known as round head. SC type---the shell adopts the molding process and is made of molded glass fiber plastic, which is rectangular, the pin is made of precision ceramics, the coupling sleeve is a metal slotted sleeve structure, and the fastening method adopts the plug-in type. Rotation is required. Commonly known as square head. LC type---the outer diameter of the casing is 1.25mm, usually half of the outer diameter of the FC-SC and ST casing is 2.5mm, which improves the application density of the connector.
4. The performance of optical fiber connectors mainly includes optical performance, interchangeability, mechanical performance, environmental performance and life. The most important of these are insertion loss and return loss.
Extended reading: Detailed explanation of the difference between SFP, SFP+, and XFP optical modules
3. Main parameters of optical module
1. Optical module transmission rate: 100M, Gigabit, 10GE, etc.
2. Transmitting optical power and receiving sensitivity of an optical module: Transmitting optical power refers to the light intensity of the transmitting end, and receiving sensitivity refers to the detectable light intensity, these two important parameters affecting the transmission distance. The distance that an optical module can transmit is limited mainly by loss and dispersion.
3. The 10GE optical module follows the 802.3ae standard. The transmission distance is related to the type of optical fiber and the optical performance of the optical module. Further reading: Detailed explanation of the difference between SFP, SFP+, and XFP optical modules
4.The saturated optical power value refers to the maximum optical power that can be detected by the receiving end of the optical module, generally -3dBm. When the received optical power is greater than the saturated optical power, bit errors will occur.
