Introduction to Fiber Patch Cords
Optical fiber jumpers (also known as optical fiber connectors) refer to the connector plugs installed on both ends of the optical cable to realize the active connection of the optical path; the plugs on one end are called pigtails.
In a multimode fiber, the diameter of the core is 50 μm to 65 μm, which is roughly the thickness of a human hair. The diameter of the single-mode fiber core is 8 μm~10 μm. The core is surrounded by a cladding with a lower refractive index than the core to keep the fiber within the core. On the outside is a thin plastic outer sheath.
Integrated wiring fiber jumper
First, the classification of optical fiber jumpers
Optical fiber jumpers can be divided into common silicon-based optical fiber single-mode and multi-mode jumpers according to different transmission media, and other optical fiber jumpers such as plastics as the transmission medium;
According to the structure of the connector, it can be divided into: FC jumper, SC jumper, ST jumper, LC jumper, MTRJ jumper, MPO jumper, MU jumper, SMA jumper, FDDI jumper, E2000 jumper, D4 Jumpers and so on.
Single-mode fiber (Single-mode Fiber): Generally, the fiber jumper is indicated in yellow, and the transmission distance is longer.
Multi-mode Fiber: OM1/OM2 fiber patch cords are indicated in orange, OM3/OM4 fiber patch cords are aqua, and the transmission distance is shorter.
2. Precautions for the use of optical fiber jumpers
The transceiver wavelengths of the optical modules at both ends of the fiber jumper must be the same, that is, the two ends of the fiber must be optical modules with the same wavelength.
In general, short-wave (850nm, 1300nm) optical modules use multi-mode fibers, and long-wave (1310nm, 1550nm) optical modules use single-mode fibers to ensure the accuracy of data transmission.
Do not bend and loop the optical fiber excessively during use, which will increase the attenuation of light during transmission.
After using the optical fiber jumper, it is necessary to protect the optical fiber connector with a protective sleeve. Dust and oil will damage the coupling of the optical fiber. If the optical fiber connector is dirty, you can use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to clean it, but it is more recommended to use a professional dust removal instrument, otherwise the dust will affect the communication quality.
Precautions:
1. Before use, the ceramic ferrule and ferrule end face of the optical fiber jumper must be wiped clean with a professional dust removal instrument or alcohol and absorbent cotton.
2. The minimum bending radius of the optical fiber jumper is less than 30mm.
3. Protect the ferrule and the end face of the ferrule to prevent bumps and pollution, and put on a dust cap in time after disassembly.
4. Do not look directly at the fiber end face when the laser signal is transmitted.
5. The damaged fiber jumper should be replaced in time in the event of man-made and other force majeure damage.
6. It should be carefully confirmed before installation, and installation and debugging should be carried out under the guidance of the engineer of the manufacturer or dealer.
7. If the optical fiber network or system is abnormal, the troubleshooting method can be used to test one by one. When testing or troubleshooting the jumper, you can do the on-off test first. Usually, you can use a visible laser pointer to judge the entire fiber link. Or further use a precision optical fiber insertion loss and return loss instrument to test its various indicators. If the indicators are within the qualified range, the jumper indicates normal, otherwise it is unqualified.
3. Application of fiber jumper
Optical fiber jumper products are widely used in: communication room, fiber-to-the-home, local area network, optical fiber sensor, optical fiber communication system, optical fiber connection transmission equipment, national defense combat readiness, etc. It is suitable for cable television network, telecommunication network, computer optical fiber network and optical test equipment. The subdivision is mainly used in several aspects:
1. Optical fiber communication system
2. Optical fiber access network
3. Optical fiber data transmission
4. Optical fiber CATV
5. Local Area Network (LAN)
6. Test equipment
7. Optical fiber sensor
Five, the difference between fiber jumper and fiber pigtail
Fiber patch cords are used to make patch cords from equipment to fiber optic cabling links. There is a thicker protective layer, which is generally used for the connection between the optical transceiver and the terminal box.
Pigtail, only one end has a connector, and the other end is a broken end of a fiber optic cable core, which is connected to other fiber optic cable cores by fusion splicing. Adapters, jumpers, etc. are also used).
The adapter is a device for detachable (active) connection between the optical fiber and the optical fiber. It precisely butts the two end faces of the optical fiber, so that the light energy output by the transmitting fiber can be coupled to the receiving fiber to the greatest extent. Minimizing the impact on the system due to its insertion into the optical link is an essential requirement for fiber optic connectors. To a certain extent, fiber optic connectors also affect the reliability and performance of optical transmission systems.
6. How to check whether the fiber jumper is qualified
Use the insertion and return loss tester to first measure whether the jumper is clear with a light pen, and make sure that the fiber is not broken. Then carry out optical performance testing, including return loss/insertion loss testing, and the tested instruments can use Fluke Networks' OTDR series testers for primary or secondary testing.
7. Common applications of common fiber jumper interfaces
The common interface types of optical fiber jumpers are FC, SC, ST, LC, MPO, and there are various types of optical fiber interfaces such as MTRJ, MU, SMA, FDDI, E2000, and D4.
Optical fiber jumper connectors are a problem that users must consider when purchasing optical fiber jumpers. Understanding the meaning of various optical fiber jumper connectors can help users find the products they want faster.
FC type fiber jumper
The external reinforcement method is a metal sleeve, and the fastening method is a turnbuckle. The FC connector is generally used in telecommunication networks. There is a nut screwed onto the adapter. The advantage is that it is reliable and dust-proof. The disadvantage is that the installation time is slightly longer. Generally used on the ODF side (the most used on the patch panel, and also mostly used for optical transceivers)
SC type fiber patch cord
The connector for connecting the GBIC optical module has a rectangular shell, and the fastening method is a plug-and-pull type, which does not need to be rotated. The SC connector is directly plugged and unplugged, which is very convenient to use. (Most used on router switches)
ST type fiber patch cord
After the ST head is inserted, it is fixed by a bayonet in a half-circle rotation. It is often used in optical fiber distribution frames. The outer casing is round and the fastening method is turnbuckle. (For 10Base-F connections, the connectors are usually ST type.
LC fiber patch cord
A connector for connecting SFP modules, constructed with an easy-to-use modular jack (RJ) latch mechanism. (SFP optical module default LC interface)
MT-RJ type fiber jumper
A square fiber optic connector with integrated transceiver, one dual-fiber transceiver is integrated. MTRJ type fiber optic patch cord consists of two high-precision plastic molded connectors and fiber optic cables. The outer parts of the connector are precision plastic parts, including a push-pull plug-in clamping mechanism. Suitable for indoor applications in telecommunication and data network systems.
OM5 fiber patch cord
The OM5 fiber extends the range of om3.om4 in the lateral direction. The traditional om3.om4 fiber mainly works at the wavelength of 850nm, while the OM5 fiber can support 4 wavelengths between 850-950. If we regard the fiber as a high-speed For highway, the traditional OM1.OM2.OM3.OM4 multimode fiber has only one channel, while OM5 has 4 channels, and the transmission capacity is increased by 4 times. Om5 fiber also supports future 400G Ethernet, and requires a quarter of the fiber of traditional Ethernet.
MPO/MTP pre-terminated fiber optic cable
A pre-terminated fiber optic cable system is a set of high-density, factory-terminated, tested, and standards-compliant modular connectivity solutions. The pre-terminated optical cable integrates 12 cores/24 cores into one optical fiber, which saves the space for upper/lower wiring, looks more beautiful, and is designed to meet the 40G/100G application of the next generation network.
