The rapid popularization of 10G Ethernet in data centers has attracted much attention to 10G integrated wiring equipment. When building a wiring system, optical fiber systems and copper cable systems can be selected. For small and medium-sized enterprises, 10G copper cable wiring has obvious advantages. The device port has low cost, convenient device installation, simple maintenance, and can meet the basic transmission characteristics and distance requirements, so it has become the first choice for many data center wiring.
10G 10G copper cable technology
10G 10G copper cable technology can provide 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps and 10Gbps data transmission through twisted pair cabling, showing the nature of backward compatibility, which means that even older 10Mbps networks can be upgraded to 10G at one time , without the need to upgrade layer by layer, which is more simple and convenient.
The twisted pair as a transmission medium is composed of twisted insulated wires. This winding method helps reduce noise from the outside and crosstalk of multiple pairs of cables, making the signal clearer. Compared with twisted pair The biggest advantage of optical fiber is its lower cost, which is why the 10G 10G copper cabling system is lower in cost than the fiber optic cabling system.
Twisted pair can be divided into shielded and unshielded. The following content will be explained in detail.
Unshielded twisted pair UTP
Unshielded twisted pair has no metal shielding material, only one layer of insulation wrapping, light weight, more convenient in the environment where corner installation is required, and strong flexibility and independence are also suitable for structured cabling.
Shielded twisted pair STP
Shielded twisted pair has an extra layer of shielding layer than unshielded twisted pair, which can provide a clearer electrical signal, and its outer layer is wrapped by aluminum foil to reduce radiation.
In 10G copper cabling, there are the following types of twisted pairs:
Whether it is cat6, cat6a or cat7, there are shielded and unshielded types to choose from. In the above description, we know the advantages of shielded and unshielded twisted pair cables. In fact, they also have their own disadvantages, so which one will you choose? To achieve the best performance of 10G 10G copper network?
1. Signal interference
In practical applications, part of the energy of a pair of cores in the same cable will leak into other cores due to electromagnetic coupling. This effect is called "crosstalk", which not only interferes with the signal transmission of adjacent cores, but also Interfere with signal transmission to other cables. Usually, alien near-end crosstalk tones and alien far-end crosstalk tones are used to examine the degree of interference.
Because unshielded twisted pair has no shielding layer, in order to reduce alien crosstalk, manufacturers generally increase the distance between the cores and implement strict crosstalk suppression on the internal connectors to achieve a transmission distance of 100 meters. If this is not done. The unshielded twisted pair cable often cannot meet the alien crosstalk limit required for transmission of 100 meters; and the structure of the shielded twisted pair cable itself can effectively prevent signal crosstalk.
2. Use
During wiring construction, the twisted pair must be matched with a connector to be connected to the device. Generally, RJ45 crystal heads are used. For the convenience of operation, some manufacturers have made finished products according to different meters when producing twisted pairs. Network cable (do not need to do crystal head), fixed meter application has certain limitations, so most people prefer to buy bulk twisted pair cable and terminate it themselves during the construction process.
Due to the characteristics of the shielded twisted pair structure, it has more full shielding layers than the unshielded twisted pair, and there are wires and foils that eliminate interference.
3. Grounding
One of the shielded twisted pairs is the ground wire, which is used to introduce the current into the ground wire. When the electrical equipment leaks or the voltage is too high, the current enters the ground through the ground wire. The shielding layer will generate a certain amount of charge due to external electromagnetic interference. In order to play a shielding role, it needs to be grounded to release the charge. The 10G 10 Gigabit copper cable system is very sensitive to noise. If the grounding is not good, the shielding effect will not be achieved, and during the signal transmission process, the attenuation will increase, which may affect the speed. Stranded.
4. Cost
The cost of using shielded twisted pair system for wiring is higher than that of unshielded twisted pair system. First, the shielded twisted pair has more shielding layers, which is more expensive in material. Secondly, to achieve better shielding effect, the entire wiring system includes wiring. Both the wire rack and the crystal head should use shielding material.
Summarize
On the whole, the usability of unshielded twisted pair is higher than that of shielded twisted pair. In addition to the lack of one layer of shielding function, the transmission distance and transmission rate are no less than that of shielded twisted pair, which is easy to use and lower in cost. However, it is undeniable that it is necessary to deploy shielded twisted pair cables to reduce crosstalk in environments with strong electromagnetic fields.
